Health Assurance programmes
Andrew J Taylor BD VetMB MRCVS
Veterinary Consultant
17 the Maltings
Wiltshire SN16 0RN
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Health Assurance Programmes
- The diseases
- Eradication initiatives in the EU
- Health assurance programmes in the UK
- CHeCS
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The Statutory diseases
- Brucellosis
- Enzootic Bovine Keukosis (EBL)
- Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
- Tuberculosis (TB)
UK is officially free
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The endemic diseases
- Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
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The endemic diseases
- Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic in UK and much of Europe
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The endemic diseases
- BVD 65% dairy herds showed evidence of active infection
- Johne’s disease: estimated 20% herds infected
- Suspected higher prevalence in some breeds
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The endemic diseases
- Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic in UK and much of Europe
- Some countries have national eradication programmes
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The endemic diseases
- Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic in UK and much of Europe
- Some countries have national eradication programmes
- Some countries have achieved national freedom
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BVD Eradication Initiatives
- Norway, Sweden
- Denmark
- Finland
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
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FREE
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IBR Eradication Initiatives
- Austria, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland FREE
- Belgium
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
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Johne’s Disease Eradication Initiatives
- Austria, Norway, Sweden
- Finland
- France
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
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FREE
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The endemic diseases –
Why control and / or eradicate them?
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BVD: The Damage
- Transient male infertility
- Depressed Female Fertility
- Death of Embryos and Foetuses
- Birth of persistently infected calves
- Suppressed immune function in calves
– Increased pneumonia and scour.
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Johne’s Disease: The damage
- Affects digestion
- Impaired energy intake
- Reduced disease resistance
- Reduced milk production
- Early culling
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BVD and Johne’s Disease; The cost
– BVD: £3500 per 100 cows per year
– Johne’s Disease; £1617 per 100 cows per year
- Average losses
- Based on value of commercial stock only
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The endemic diseases –
Why control and/or eradicate them?
- Damage and cost
- Trade:
– International
– National
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Eradication Initiatives in UK
- Voluntary schemes under umbrella of CHeCS
– Herdcare (BioBest)
– Premium Cattle Health Scheme (SAC)
– HiHealth Highlands and Islands Scheme (SAC)
- Less than 500 members:
– Mainly beef herds
– Mainly in Scotland
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Cattle Health certification Standards (CHeCS)
- Self-regulatory body for UK cattle health schemes
- Non-trading organisation
- Sets standards for control and eradication of non-statutory diseases to which all licensed health schemes must adhere
- Herd health status in one scheme equivalent to that in all other schemes
- Licensed schemes in UK compatible with those in other countries
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CHeCS
- Programmes for the monitoring, control and ultimate eradication of the four most important non-statutory diseases in UK:
– Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
– Leptospirosis
– Johne’s Disease
– Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
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CHeCS
- Accreditation Programmes
– To Demonstrate the herd is free from infection
– To maintain freedom from infection
– To allow sale of stock accredited free of infection
- Screening and Eradication Programmes
– To implement a control programme to reduce detrimental effects of disease on herd productivity
– To allow sale of animals of known status
– To achieve freedom from disease and accredited status
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CHeCS
- Vaccinated Monitored Free Programme (BVD)
– To control BVD through vaccination of breeding herd
– To demonstrate that control is effective and exposure of young stock to BVD has not occurred
– To allow sale of stock accredited as being from a vaccinated herd and monitored free of active BVD infection
– Appropriate for commercial herds selling stock for finishing
– Herd status lower than that of BVD Accredited herds
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CHeCS
- Monitoring Programmes
– Available only to dairy herds
– Use regular bulk milk testing
– Sample tool to give good assessment of disease status of herd
– Sample every three months
– Only available for IBR, BVD and Leptospirosis
– No test currently available for testing milk samples for
Johne’s disease
– No requirements for herd health security
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CHeCS
- Monitoring Programmes
– Measure level of antibodies in bulk milk sample
– High titires indicate widespread infection (or use of vaccines)
– Negative titres indicate likely freedom from current infection
– Intermediate levels suggest presence of some infected animals
– Information becomes more reliable and helpful as sequential results are added and trends become clear
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Health Assurance Programmes
- Pool of accredited herds free of disease
- Quality assurance for herds selling breeding stock
- Should be standard for sale of high value stock
- “Why aren’t all pedigree breeders testing”
Fiona Campbell 22 January 2003 BCCB Conference
- Pedigree shows and sales to require testing
- Declaration of health status on cattle passports
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Health Assurance Programmes
Pyramid
Accredited
Screening and eradication
Monitoring
The rest
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Health Assurance Programmes
Pyramid
Accredited
Screening and eradication
Monitoring
The rest
Need Critical Mass
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