Health
Assurance programmes
Andrew J Taylor BD VetMB MRCVS
Veterinary Consultant
17 the Maltings
Wiltshire SN16 0RN
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Health
Assurance Programmes
- The diseases
- Eradication
initiatives in the EU
- Health assurance
programmes in the UK
- CHeCS
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The
Statutory diseases
- Brucellosis
- Enzootic
Bovine Keukosis (EBL)
- Foot and
Mouth Disease (FMD)
- Tuberculosis
(TB)
UK
is officially free
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The
endemic diseases
- Bovine
Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious
Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s
Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
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The
endemic diseases
- Bovine
Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious
Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s
Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic
in UK and much of Europe
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The
endemic diseases
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BVD 65% dairy herds showed evidence of active infection
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Johne’s disease: estimated 20% herds infected
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Suspected higher prevalence in some breeds
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The
endemic diseases
- Bovine
Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious
Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s
Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic
in UK and much of Europe
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Some countries have national eradication programmes
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The
endemic diseases
- Bovine
Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Infectious
Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Johne’s
Disease (paratuberculosis)
- Leptospirosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Salmonellosis
- Digital Dermatitis
- Endemic
in UK and much of Europe
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Some countries have national eradication programmes
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Some countries have achieved national freedom
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BVD
Eradication Initiatives
- Norway, Sweden
- Denmark
- Finland
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
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FREE
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IBR
Eradication Initiatives
- Austria,
Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland FREE
- Belgium
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
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Johne’s
Disease Eradication Initiatives
- Austria,
Norway, Sweden
- Finland
- France
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
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FREE
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The
endemic diseases -
Why control and / or eradicate them?
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BVD:
The Damage
- Transient
male infertility
- Depressed
Female Fertility
- Death of
Embryos and Foetuses
- Birth of
persistently infected calves
- Suppressed
immune function in calves
- Increased
pneumonia and scour.
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Johne’s
Disease: The damage
- Affects digestion
- Impaired
energy intake
- Reduced disease
resistance
- Reduced milk
production
- Early culling
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BVD
and Johne’s Disease; The cost
- BVD: £3500
per 100 cows per year
- Johne’s Disease; £1617 per 100 cows per year
- Average
losses
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Based on value of commercial stock only
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The
endemic diseases –
Why control and/or eradicate them?
- Damage and
cost
- Trade:
- International
- National
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Eradication
Initiatives in UK
- Voluntary
schemes under umbrella of CHeCS
- Herdcare
(BioBest)
- Premium Cattle Health Scheme (SAC)
- HiHealth Highlands and Islands Scheme (SAC)
- Less than
500 members:
- Mainly
beef herds
- Mainly in Scotland
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Cattle
Health certification Standards (CHeCS)
- Self-regulatory
body for UK cattle health schemes
- Non-trading
organisation
- Sets standards
for control and eradication of non-statutory diseases to which
all licensed health schemes must adhere
- Herd health
status in one scheme equivalent to that in all other schemes
- Licensed
schemes in UK compatible with those in other countries
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CHeCS
- Programmes
for the monitoring, control and ultimate eradication of the four
most important non-statutory diseases in UK:
- Infectious
Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Leptospirosis
- Johne’s Disease
- Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
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CHeCS
- Accreditation
Programmes
- To Demonstrate
the herd is free from infection
- To maintain freedom from infection
- To allow sale of stock accredited free of infection
- Screening
and Eradication Programmes
- To implement
a control programme to reduce detrimental effects of disease
on herd productivity
- To allow sale of animals of known status
- To achieve freedom from disease and accredited status
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CHeCS
- Vaccinated
Monitored Free Programme (BVD)
- To control
BVD through vaccination of breeding herd
- To demonstrate that control is effective and exposure of
young stock to BVD has not occurred
- To allow sale of stock accredited as being from a vaccinated
herd and monitored free of active BVD infection
- Appropriate for commercial herds selling stock for finishing
- Herd status lower than that of BVD Accredited herds
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CHeCS
- Monitoring
Programmes
- Available
only to dairy herds
- Use regular bulk milk testing
- Sample tool to give good assessment of disease status of
herd
- Sample every three months
- Only available for IBR, BVD and Leptospirosis
- No test currently available for testing milk samples for
Johne’s disease
- No requirements for herd health security
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CHeCS
- Monitoring
Programmes
- Measure
level of antibodies in bulk milk sample
- High titires indicate widespread infection (or use of vaccines)
- Negative titres indicate likely freedom from current infection
- Intermediate levels suggest presence of some infected animals
- Information becomes more reliable and helpful as sequential
results are added and trends become clear
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Health
Assurance Programmes
- Pool of accredited
herds free of disease
- Quality assurance
for herds selling breeding stock
- Should be
standard for sale of high value stock
- “Why
aren’t all pedigree breeders testing”
Fiona Campbell 22 January 2003 BCCB Conference
- Pedigree
shows and sales to require testing
- Declaration
of health status on cattle passports
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Health
Assurance Programmes
Pyramid
Accredited
Screening and eradication
Monitoring
The rest
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Health
Assurance Programmes
Pyramid
Accredited
Screening and eradication
Monitoring
The rest
Need
Critical Mass
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